managerial economics by dn dwivedi pdf fre

It is evident that measures of tax revenue volatility used have mixed effects of RGDP. Hence, CEDV has a considerable effect on GDP in the L&SR. Thus, CITV had an inconsequential effect on GDP in the S&LR and CEDV has p-values of 0.0253 and 0.0021 both on the S&LR. Thus, VATV had a considerable effect on GDP in the S&LR CITV has a p-value of 0.1838 and a p-value of 0.1892 in the S&LR respectively.

Hence, PPTV had a considerable effect on GDP in the S&LR VATV has a p-value of 0.0067 and 0.0001 both on the S&LR. The findings showed that PPTV has a p-value of 0.0089 and a p-value of 0.0051 on the short and long run (S&LR) respectively. The data was sourced from the CBN Statistical Bulletin and Annual Report and analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, unit root test, Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Co-integration test, and ARDL Co-integrating and Long form. This was done using the measures TR volatility, namely Petroleum Profit Tax Volatility (PPTV), Value Added Tax Volatility (VATV), Company Income Tax Volatility (CITV) and Custom and Excise Duties Volatility (CEDV) in relation to economic growth proxied with Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study examined the analysis of the impact of tax revenue (TR) volatility on economic growth (EG) in Nigeria between the periods of 1994-2021, which is a period of 28years. Finally, commercial banks should expand their coverage to reduce the number of un-banked and under banked persons in the economy in order to reduce the dominance of the informal sector. Required cash ratio and liquidity ratios should be adjusted regularly to curtail banks excess reserves second, the CBN should embark on enlightenment campaigns in financial literacy to buttress popularity of monetary policy tools. The study recommends amongst others that first, the CBN should narrow the asymmetric corridor around the MPR to check commercial banks excess reserves. This is as a result of commercial banks' excess reserves which downplay the efficacy of the MPR in affecting interest rate and money supply. The Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) is not statistically significant which has also affected its transmission mechanism to commercial banks interest rate.

Also, non-popularity of monetary policy tools as a result of financial illiteracy accounts for its ineffectiveness. This is as a result of the large proportion of informal sector which culminates into a high currency outside bank economy that is largely not affected by monetary policy tools. The study found out that monetary policy is significant in curbing inflation threshold in Nigeria, however the effect of monetary policy variables are weak in controlling inflation. Time series data between 19 were used and the Vector Error Correction Model was employed to give empirical content to the stated objectives.

This study examined the efficacy of monetary policy in curbing inflation in Nigeria.

Managerial economics by dn dwivedi pdf fre